Analysis of the Relationship between the Obesity of Owners, Their Dogs, and One Welfare: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity affects both humans and animals, reducing their life expectancy. In dogs, the causes include overfeeding, lack of exercise, breed, age, and spaying/neutering. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on human and canine obesity was conducted using databases such as Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, PLOS, PubMed, ResearchGate, Semantic Scholar, and ACVIM. The search focused on obtaining updated information from 2014 onwards, covering approximately 80% of the relevant literature during these years. Studies were analyzed to gather data on the prevalence of obesity in dogs and its association with the obesity of their owners. Discussion: Studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between obesity in owners and that in their dogs, highlighting the influence of shared dietary habits and levels of physical activity. Dogs whose owners are overweight are more likely to develop obesity, reflecting similarities in lifestyles. Additionally, demographic and socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in this correlation. Obesity in both humans and dogs is associated with an increased risk of related diseases. It is essential to promote preventive interventions and educational programs focusing on nutrition and exercise to address this public health issue. Conclusions: The correlation between obesity in pet owners and their dogs is consistent and significant. It highlights the need for holistic approaches like One Welfare to improve joint health. Promoting healthy habits and joint intervention programs can benefit both humans and animals, enhancing their quality of life.