Effects of Water Stress and Goat Manure Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Upland Rice in Indonesia

Abstract

High rice consumption, while low rice production, is a challenge for Indonesia, which is exacerbated by decreasing land availability and the impact of climate change. Upland rice cultivation increases rice production by utilizing dry land. The research aims to examine the effect of water treatment and organic fertilizer doses on the growth and yield of upland rice. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors. The first factor was water stress with four levels: control, ¾, ½, and ¼ Field Capacity. The second factor was the dose of organic goat manure fertilizer with four levels: 0, 10, 20, and 30 tons.ha-1. Water treatment did not affect the growth and yield of upland rice. The efficiency of water use in the field capacity treatment was 8.35 kg.l-1 and increased in the water stress treatment. The dose of cow manure fertilizer of 10 tons.ha-1 has encouraged plant height growth, number of leaves, and productive tillers, while the dose of 30 tons.ha-1 increased biomass and number of panicles. The combination of field capacity water treatment with 10 tons.ha-1 of goat manure fertilizer produced the highest number of grains per panicle. Organic fertilizer can optimize yields in limited water conditions.