Digitalization and youth development in central Asia: economic and social implications with a focus on Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

Digitalization is reshaping economic structures, labour markets, and social life, with important implications for youth in emerging economies. In Central Asia, particularly in the Kyrgyz Republic, where nearly one third of the population is aged 15 to 29, young people represent a key development resource. This study examines how digitalization, including artificial intelligence, influences youth education, employment, entrepreneurship, and wellbeing. Using secondary data from national statistics, the World Bank, and UNDP, combined with descriptive analysis, the study identifies both opportunities and constraints. While digital sectors contribute to employment and productivity, structural challenges persist, including rural and urban disparities, gender gaps, and limited digital skills. The proposed “Youth Digital Bridges” framework links skills, labour market access, and inclusion. Findings suggest that digitalization can support youth development, but requires inclusive policies, stronger governance, and sustained investment in human capital.