New records of the critically endangered fern Grammitis azorica (Polypodiaceae)

Abstract

Grammitis azorica (H. Schaef.) H. Schaef. is a critically endangered epiphytic fern, endemic to the Azores Islands. Until 2013, its presence was only confirmed on Flores Island. Our new records expand the distribution of this species from one to three islands and the altitudinal range to 640 – 1130 m a.s.l. Nevertheless, the fact that only four additional individuals were found confirms the rarity of this fern. Our new data also highlight the importance of montane forests and woodlands as hotspots of biodiversity in the Azores and the need to increase the protection status of all areas with remnant natural forest patches.