Scalable Synthesis of Bulk TiO2 Hybrids Toward Efficient Li-Storage Performance in “Rocking-Chair” Type Full-Cell Assembly With High Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode

Abstract

Exploring anode materials with outstanding safety, high capacities, and superior rate performance for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a constant objective. A simple and green synthesis method with an excellent electrochemical performance of a TiO2 bronze/anatase hybrid is herein reported as an anode at different temperature conditions (400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C) for LIBs. The Li-ion insertion/extraction properties are studied in a half-cell assembly (Li/TiO2) and subsequently in a “rocking-chair” type full-cell configuration with a high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode. In both half and full-cell assemblies, all three TiO2 hybrids exhibit promising results with an initial discharge capacity of >165 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.05 A g−1 along with a capacity retention of >90% after 100 cycles. The initial coulombic efficiency of ≈78% is observed for the full-cell, LNMO/TiO2-400 °C, with a maximum energy density of 192.75 Wh kg−1 and good cyclability at room temperature conditions.