The N-end rule: Functions, mysteries, uses

Abstract

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. Similar but distinct versions of the N- end rule operate in all organisms examined, from mammals to fungi and bacteria. In eukaryotes, the N-end role pathway is a part of the ubiquitin system. I discuss the mechanisms and functions of this pathway, and consider its applications.