Comparison of Incidence of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Among Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block Versus Those With Normal QRS Duration

Abstract

We compared the incidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) among patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) to a matched cohort of patients with a narrow QRS duration <120 ms (NQRS). We hypothesized patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF) ≥50% and LBBB would have higher incidence of LVSD compared with a matched population of NQRS patients. Patients with LBBB on electrocardiogram within 30 days of a baseline echocardiogram with EF ≥50%, who had at least 1 follow-up echocardiogram ≥6 months later, were matched 1:1 on risk factors for cardiomyopathy to patients with NQRS. Incident LVSD was defined as a decline in EF to ≤45% on follow-up echocardiogram, or heart transplant, receipt of a cardiac device for LVSD (defibrillator or biventricular pacemaker), or implantation of a left ventricular assist device ≥6 months post baseline echocardiogram. Relative risk was calculated using conditional Poisson regression techniques. The final study cohort consisted of 188 patients, 94 with LBBB and 94 with NQRS. On follow-up, progression to LVSD was noted in 36% of LBBB patients and 10% of NQRS patients. The relative risk for LVSD in patients with LBBB was 3.78 (95% confidence interval = 1.98 to 7.19). In conclusion, there is a strong association between LBBB and the subsequent development of LVSD independent of common risk factors for cardiomyopathy.