Biodiversity of butterflies in Tangi Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

During study biodiversity of butterflies is explored in Tangi, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 506 specimens collected out of which 252/506 were belonging to family Nymphalidae, 217/506 from family Pieridae, family Papilionidae represented only 37/506 individuals. With their abundance Danauas chrysippus (F130, F314 and D3 24.11), followed by Junonia orytha (F121, F310 and D3 11.86), while Papilio polytes, Junonia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F12, F 31 and D3 0.2) of each species. The Shannon diversity (H’) is high in union council (UC) Koaz Bahram Dheri (H’= 6.05) followed by UC Dhaki (H’= 4.38), while Simpson diversity (1/D) is more significant in UC Koaz Bahram Dheri (1/D= 0.1), and Ghandheri (1/D= 0.14). While the minimum Simpson diversity (1/D) recorded from UC Tangi (1/D= 0.41) and UC Hisara Nehri (1/D= 0.31). The maximum individuals were collected from UC Koaz Bahram Dheri (n=144/506), followed by UC Mandani (n=73/506), while the minimum species individuals collected from UC Shodagh (n=32/506) followed by UC Tangi (n=35/506). The present biodiversity study showed that the study area is rich in butterfly species with a different verity of species. More contemplations are rendering urban reserves imperative for worldwide preservation endeavours. Generally, urban areas frequently emerged close conspicuous landforms, for example, soak slopes or important waterways and protect their flora and fauna of the study area.