Is there any relationship between the menopause transition and dizziness?

Abstract

Objectives: This review aims to study the impact of menopause transition on the vestibular system. Methods: A broad systematic search of biomedical databases was performed. Papers investigating the effects of changes in female sex hormones on the vestibular physiology or the relationship between these changes in midlife women and vestibular manifestations were reviewed. Data from basic science, epidemiological studies and clinical investigations were organized and elaborated. The authors also addressed the gaps and limitations of current literature. Results: Hormonal modifications during menopause transition seem to affect the vestibular system. Accordingly, epidemiological investigations describe a remarkable prevalence of vestibular disorders in climacteric women. However, clinical studies exploring this relationship are scarce, and little is known about the clinical and pathophysiological aspects of these diseases. The predisposition to vestibular disturbances during the menopause transition might be the result of an intricate combination of hormonal effects in the nervous system. These effects encompass changes in energy metabolism, immune and inflammatory regulation, modulation of several neurotransmitter systems, integrity of microcirculation and neuroprotection and neuroplasticity pathways. As a result, structural consequences within the inner ear, changes in the transduction and modulation of peripheral signals and dysregulation of central vestibular circuits may occur. Additionally, patients may present with signs of disturbances in sensory processing or difficulties in recovering from functional damages to the vestibular system. These events may contribute to the manifestation of individual vulnerabilities, causing sensory complaints, and the onset or worsening of vestibular problems. Preliminary data also corroborate the impact of menopause transition in specific vestibular diseases. Conclusion: There is a theoretical basis for understanding the menopause transition as a facilitating condition for vestibular symptoms and diseases. However, clinical studies addressing these issues are scarce. Exploring them is a promising field of investigation that could lead to improvement in care for vestibular patients.