The classical transition from laminar to turbulent flow is affected if solid particles are added. The transition behavior is a function of particle size d and solid volume fraction φ and the flow undergoes a smooth transition, as opposed to intermittent, if φ exceeds a certain threshold. In this work we show that, for particle-laden pipe flows with large particle-to-pipe diameter ratios d/D, the φ threshold for altering the transition is much lower than previously reported for smaller particles. Magnetic resonance velocimetry reveals that particles introduce turbulent-like fluid velocity fluctuations in laminar flow. Factors that might control the limits between "classical"and "smooth"transition in the state space spanned by d/D and φ are discussed based on scaling analyses.
CITATION STYLE
Leskovec, M., Lundell, F., & Innings, F. (2020). Pipe flow with large particles and their impact on the transition to turbulence. Physical Review Fluids, 5(11). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.112301
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