Balance Nature and Culture: Key to Ease Tensions Between Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas

Abstract

Indigenous peoples have long-standing connections to their lands, however, the establishment of protected areas has often led to their exclusion and marginalization. This review examines the complicated relationship between Indigenous peoples and protected areas, highlighting the thresholds during historical conflicts that intensified tensions. As the number of protected areas has increased globally, wildlife biodiversity remains at risk. The article argues that participatory efforts involving Indigenous peoples often play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity. It explores the challenges Indigenous peoples are confronted with - that their opinions are inadequately considered and economic profits are often prioritized over their rights - under the existing policy framework and market-oriented activities. The article advocates for a collaborative methodology that integrates indigenous knowledge and rights into protected area management, emphasizing the benefits of joint efforts. It calls for a reevaluation of current approaches to managing protected areas and a broader recognition of the importance of seeking for a balance between nature and culture, fostering a sustainable future for both biodiversity and indigenous communities.