Rheumatoid Arthritis and Associated Lung Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder affecting 0.5-1% of the population in North America and Europe. Pulmonary manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients result in significant morbidity and mortality. Management of these pulmonary manifestations in RA patients causes various challenges for the physicians. This review article has discussed the current state of knowledge of these pulmonary manifestations, including interstitial lung diseases, airway-related diseases, pulmonary vasculature, and pleural involvement in RA patients. This review article has also explored various pharmacological options, including steroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressive drugs, and biologic agents. Non-pharmacological options include conservative treatment, supplemental oxygen, pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking cessation, and lung transplantation.