Bears in North America: Habitats, hunting, and politics

Abstract

Populations of all 3 of North America's bear species have increased during the past 50 years, attributable to reduced persecution and improved management. Some actions consistent with the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation can explain these population increases, although conservation practices vary substantially among jurisdictions and species. Most management and conservation of North America's bear species is by state, provincial, or territorial agencies. However, federal engagement has occurred for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), polar bears (U. maritimus), and some black bear (U. americanus) populations. Harvest has been the primary tool that agencies have used to manage bear populations. Increased focus on managing habitats and mitigating human–bear conflicts will help to ensure the long-term success of bear management in North America.