Super- and sub-eddington accreting massive black holes: A comparison of slim and thin accretion discs through study of the spectral energy distribution

Abstract

We employ optical and ultraviolet (UV) observations to present spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two reverberation-mapped samples of super-Eddington and sub-Eddington active galactic nuclei (AGN) with similar luminosity distributions. The samples are fitted with accretion disc (AD) models in order to look for SED differences that depend on the Eddington ratio. The fitting takes into account measured black hole (BH) mass and accretion rates, BH spin and intrinsic reddening of the sources. All objects in both groups can be fitted by thin AD models over the range 0.2-1 μm with reddening as a free parameter. The intrinsic reddening required to fit the data are relatively small, E(B - V) ≤ 0.2 mag, except for one source. Super-Eddington AGN seems to require more reddening. The distribution of E(B - V) is similar to what is observed in larger AGN samples. The best-fitting disc models recover very well the BH mass and accretion for the two groups. However, the SEDs are very different, with super-Eddington sources requiring much more luminous far-UV continuum. The exact amount depends on the possible saturation of the UV radiation in slim discs. In particular, we derive for the super-Eddington sources a typical bolometric correction at 5100 Å of 60-150 compared with a median of ~20 for the sub-Eddington AGN. The measured torus luminosity relative to λLλ(5100 Å) are similar in both groups. The αOX distribution is similar too. However, we find extremely small torus covering factors for super-Eddington sources, an order of magnitude smaller than those of sub-Eddington AGN. The small differences between the groups regarding the spectral range 0.2-22 μm, and the significant differences related to the part of the SED that we cannot observe may be consistent with some slim disc models. An alternative explanation is that present day slim-disc models overestimate the far-UV luminosity of such objects by a large amount.