The Ontological Multiplicity of Digital Heritage Models: A Case Study of Yunyan Temple, Sichuan Province, China

Abstract

This paper investigates the ontological multiplicity of digital heritage objects within the context of a digital twin project focused on Yunyan Temple, Sichuan Province, China—a site threatened by natural disasters. The project employs laser scanning and photogrammetry to generate high-resolution 3D models at varying levels of detail. The study analyzes how these digital objects support diverse analytical tasks ranging from geomorphological analysis to structural assessments and spatial sequence analysis. We present a novel four-layer data integration and service platform architecture designed to manage the complex data relationships arising from this ontological multiplicity. This includes a temporal database to support iterative refinements of conservation strategies based on ongoing monitoring. The findings highlight the dynamic role of digital objects in knowledge production and offer practical implications for database design, data management, and the development of adaptive conservation strategies for cultural heritage.