A 10-Year Follow-Up of Reconstructive Treatment of Peri-Implantitis Using Mineralized Dehydrated Allograft and Resorbable Membrane: A Retrospective Case Series

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the 10-year clinical and radiographic outcomes of peri-implantitis intrabony defects treated with mineralized dehydrated bone allograft (MDBA) and resorbable membrane in patients undergoing a regular supportive peri-implant/periodontal therapy (STP). Materials and Methods: The original study participants were 34 (34 defects). After mechanical debridement and chemical decontamination of implant surfaces, intrabony defects were filled with MDBA and covered by a resorbable membrane. Patients were enrolled in a maintenance program with a recall interval of 6 months. The primary outcome was the absence of additional marginal peri-implant bone loss ≥ 1.0 mm after surgery. The composite outcome was no additional marginal peri-implant bone loss ≥ 1.0 mm and the absence of probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm, bleeding on probing and suppuration. Results: Of the original 34 implants, 20 completed the 10-year follow-up, and three failed. Related to the primary outcome, the mean peri-implant marginal bone level changed from 4.78 mm (SD 1.84) at baseline to 3.10 mm (SD 1.73) after surgery and 3.71 mm (SD 1.78) at the follow-up end point. According to the composite outcome for disease resolution, 19 of the 34 original implants were successfully treated at the 10-year follow-up with a statistically significant difference between 1 (31/34 implants) and 5 years (20/34 implants) (p = 0.003) and 1 and 10 years (p = 0.001) but not between 5 and 10 years (p = 1.000). Conclusions: Ten years after the reconstructive treatment, followed by regular SPT, the cumulative successful treatment rate, according to the primary and the composite outcomes, was 58% (20/34 implants) and 53% (19/34) implants, respectively.