Localization of sources of ELF/VLF hiss observed in the magnetosphere: Three‐dimensional ray tracing

Abstract

Numerical simulation based upon three‐dimensional ray‐tracing from a single source point located in the equatorial region is used to explain the wave distribution functions (WDF) found for ELF/VLF hiss detected on the GEOS satellite. Emissions at very oblique k vectors and in all azimuthal directions are shown to produce the GEOS‐1 multipeaked WDFs at the longitudes and L values close to the longitudes and L values of a chosen single source point. Inverse ray‐tracings, started with the parameters of the WDF's observed emissions, are used to locate the sources.