Association between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Arabian Gulf

Abstract

Objectives: Studies on the association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the Arabian Gulf are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between NSAIDs use and MACE in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the Arabian Gulf region. Methods: Data were analyzed from 3007 consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS admitted to 29 hospitals in four Arabian Gulf countries from January 2012 to January 2013, as well as being on prior NSAIDs use during the index admission. The MACE included stroke/transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), myocardial infarction (MI), all-cause mortality and readmissions for cardiac reasons. Results: The overall mean age of the cohort was 62 ± 12 years, and 9.6% (n = 290) of the patients were on prior NSAID use during the index admission. At 12-months follow-up, after adjusting for confounding factors, patients on NSAIDs were significantly more likely to have had MACE (adjusted OR (aOR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44–2.48; p < 0.001). Specifically, the higher event rates observed were stroke/TIA (aOR, 2.50; 95% CI: 1.51–4.14; p < 0.001) and readmissions for cardiac reasons (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI: 1.59–2.74; p < 0.001), but not MI (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI: 0.80–1.99; p = 0.320) and all-cause mortality (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.46–1.34; p = 0.383). Conclusions: NSAIDs use was associated with significant stroke/TIA events as well as readmissions for cardiac reasons. However, NSAIDs were not associated with increased MIs or all-cause mortality rates in patients with ACS in the Arabian Gulf.