Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment

Abstract

Biological reactors for wastewater treatment have been designed incorporating membrane systems in 3 different ways: as a biomass separation system; for bubbleless aeration; and for extraction of volatile organic components. Anaerobic and aerobic systems have been combined with biomass separation membranes. Bubbleless aeration systems usually use pure oxygen and support a biofilm. All systems show promise in providing high rate treatment at full-scale.