An Artificial Neural Network Model for the Prediction of Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery

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Abstract

Prediction of blood transfusion after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery can identify at-risk patients and potentially reduce its utilization and the complications associated with it. The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) offers the potential for high predictive capability. A total of 1173 patients who underwent surgery for ASD were identified in the 2017–2019 NSQIP databases. The data were split into 70% training and 30% testing cohorts. Eighteen patient and operative variables were used. The outcome variable was receiving RBC transfusion intraoperatively or within 72 h after surgery. The model was assessed by its sensitivity, positive predictive value, F1-score, accuracy (ACC), and area under the curve (AUROC). Average patient age was 56 years and 63% were female. Pelvic fixation was performed in 21.3% of patients and three-column osteotomies in 19.5% of cases. The transfusion rate was 50.0% (586/1173 patients). The best model showed an overall ACC of 81% and 77% on the training and testing data, respectively. On the testing data, the sensitivity was 80%, the positive predictive value 76%, and the F1-score was 78%. The AUROC was 0.84. ANNs may allow the identification of at-risk patients, potentially decrease the risk of transfusion via strategic planning, and improve resource allocation.

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De la Garza Ramos, R., Hamad, M. K., Ryvlin, J., Krol, O., Passias, P. G., Fourman, M. S., … Yassari, R. (2022). An Artificial Neural Network Model for the Prediction of Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154436

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