Intrabeam Radiation Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasiveness and Promotes Apoptosis of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Intraoperative radiotherapy differs from the more commonly used external beam radiation with respect to fractionation, radiation energy, dose rate, and target volume, which may influence the irradiated cells in a complex manner. However, experimental studies of intraoperative radiotherapy are limited. Intrabeam is a frequently used intraoperative radiotherapy device; we evaluated its effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We performed colony formation assays for cells irradiated with single radiation doses of 0 to 16 Gy. Other cells were irradiated with single radiation doses of 0 to 6 Gy and then continued to be cultured. We measured cell-cycle distributions and apoptosis rates 24 hours later, using flow cytometry, and performed wound-healing assays, Transwell tests, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 20-deoxyuridine 50-triphosphate nick-end labeling staining 4 weeks later. Colony formation assays showed no positive colonies from cells irradiated with doses of ≥6 Gy. In flow cytometry, the experimental groups had higher late-apoptosis/ necrosis rates (P