Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass

Abstract

"This reference book combines basic science, history, the global chronicles of seashore paspalum, and comprehensive management protocols." Includes: Seashore Paspalum Background and Description (Introduction; Nomenclature (Synonymy); Taxonomy (Classification; Botanical Description; Chromosome Number/Cytology; Propagation; and Differentiation from Paspalum distichum L.); History (Adaptation Zone; Centers of Origin; and Dispersion (Chorology; and Movement)); and Genetics (World Collection of Accessions (Assembling a World Collection; and Breeding Approach: Creating Additional Diversity); Genetic Analysis (Ecotype Relationships); and Cultivars/Ecotypes (Golf Courses with Seashore Paspalum))); Environmental Stress Resistance (Breeding for Multiple Environmental Stresses (Traditional Breeding and Genetics (Multiple Stress Resistance; Root Stresses; and Cultivar Development Principles); and Biotechnology (Tissue Culture; Transformation; and Genome Analysis (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD); and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) (or Microsatellites))); Paspalum Abiotic/Edaphic Stress Resistance (Salinity Resistance; Drought Resistance; Low Temperature Tolerance (Cold Hardiness; and Chill Tolerance); Wear-Traffic Tolerance; Shade/Low Light Intensity Tolerance; Soil pH Adaptation (Acid Soils; and Alkaline Soils); Low Oxygen/Anoxia/Hypoxia Tolerance; and Mowing Tolerance); and Paspalum Biotic Stress Resistance (Disease Resistance (Nematodes; and Pathogens); Insect Resistance; and Weeds)); Management Practices (Management of Abiotic/Edaphic Stresses (Introduction; Unique Management Situations (Ocean-Influenced Ecosystems; Effluent Water; Acid Soil Sites; and Environmentally Sensitive Areas (Wetlands)); Establishment and Grow-In (Preestablishment; Establishment Techniques (Fertilizer; Herbicides; and Irrigation); Kapolei Renovation/Conversion Technique; and Grow-In After Establishment (Fertility; Irrigation; and Mowing)); Mowing Practices (Greens; Tees; Fairways; Roughs; and Sports Fields); Plant Growth Regulators (PGR); Fertilization on Mature Paspalum Turf (Nitrogen; Potassium; Phosphorus and Other Nutrients; and Other Fertilization Observations); Site Influences on Fertilization (High Leaching and Salt; Effluent Water and Nutritional Problems; and Soil pH Interactions); Irrigation (Ocean Water; Recycled Water; Potable Water; and Combinations); Renovation/Thatch/Verticutting/Topdressing; Overseeding; and Traffic/Compaction/Wear); Management of Biotic Stresses (Weed Control (Safe Herbicides; Marginally Safe Herbicides; Phytotoxic Herbicides; and Using Ocean Water or Rock Salt for Weed Control); Diseases (Dollar Spot; Fusarium Blight; and Other Leaf Spot Diseases); Nematodes; Algae and Black Layer on Greens; Insects; and Environmental Stewardship/Long-Term Maintenance); Golf Course Case Studies (Case Study No. 1; and Case Study No. 2); Sports Fields (Site Selection; Soil Profile and Surface Stabilization Methods; Athletic Field Management (Cultivation; Irrigation; Fertilization; Overseeding; Topdressing; and Thatch Management); and Low Light Intensity Tolerance); Lawn and Landscape Use (Establishment; Mowing Heights; Fertilization; Irrigation; and Cultivation); and Sod and Spring Production (Site Selection; Soilless Mediums; Sod Netting; Hydrosprigging; Sod Regrowth; Shelf Life; Mowing; Case Study; Pesticide Use on Sod Farms; Paspalum Distributors; and Sod Benefits)); and Basic Principles When Using Alternative Water Resources/Problem Sites (Influence of Irrigation Water Quality on Turfgrass Fertilization (Salt-Related Water Quality Issues (Water pH; Bicarbonates and Carbonates; Root Toxicities from Na, Cl, B; and Total Salinity and Sodium Permeability Hazard); and Nutrient Contribution Issues (Macronutrients; and Micronutrients)); Seawater Irrigation: Turfgrass Management for the Ultimate Water Quality Problem (Preconstruction (Irrigation Water Quality Assessment; Grass Selection; Irrigation System Design; Salt Disposal; Additional Maintenance Costs; Seawater Treatment; Dual Water Sources; Fertigation; Sand Capping; and Other Considerations); Establishment; Postestablishment/Mature Turf (Implications of Nutrients Ratios; Overseeding; and Landscape Plants); and Summary); Fertilization of Excessively Acid (pH 5.0) Soils (Acid Soil Complex (Liming Practices; Nitrogen; Basic Cautions (Mg, K, Ca); Phosphorus; Sulfur; and Micronutrients); Excessive Acidity Induced By S or Acidic N-Carriers; Acid Thatch; and Acid Sulfate Soils); Environmentally Sensitive Sites: Turfgrass Fertilization Considerations (Runoff Issues (Nitrogen; and Phosphorus); Leaching Issues; Anaerobic Conditions and Mowed Turfgrass Areas; Constructed Wetlands; and Buffers); and Bioremediation and Reclamation).