Evidence that estrogen suppresses Rho-kinase function in the cerebral circulation in vivo

Abstract

Background and Purpose-Premenopausal women are less susceptible to cardiovascular diseases than men or postmenopausal women. Such disease states are often associated with increased vascular RhoA/Rho-kinase activity and decreased activity of nitric oxide (NO). This study tested whether female gender is associated with lower Rho-kinase activity or higher NO activity in cerebral arteries in vivo and whether estrogen contributes to any such gender differences. Methods-Changes in basilar artery diameter were measured with the use of a cranial window preparation in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Some female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated subcutaneously daily for 14 days with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide) or 17β-estradiol. Vascular expression of RhoA or Rho-kinase was assessed by Western blotting. Results-The Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 was selectively ≈3-fold more potent as a cerebral vasodilator in males versus females. Expression of total RhoA or Rho-kinase did not differ between males and females. In OVX rats, vasodilator responses to Y-27632 resembled responses in males. Treatment of OVX rats with 1β-estradiol normalized the vasodilator effects of Y-27632 to be equivalent to responses in intact female controls. The NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester caused ≈50% greater constriction of the basilar artery in females versus males, but responses in OVX rats treated with either vehicle or 17 β-estradiol did not differ from those recorded in intact females. Conclusions-These data indicate that vascular Rho-kinase function is suppressed in females because of the effects of estrogen, whereas the higher NO activity in females is estrogen independent.