Expanded Nanofibrous Polymeric Mats Incorporating Tetracycline-Loaded Silica Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Applications

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In this work, expanded electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber mats incorporating tetracycline-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were fabricated for antimicrobial wound dressing applications. Methods: MSNs with high surface area were synthesized and efficiently loaded with tetracycline, achieving sustained drug release. These nanoparticles were then embedded into both conventional (2D) and gas-expanded (3D) electrospun PVA mats. Results: The gas-foaming process significantly enhanced the mat’s thickness, promoting improved nanoparticle loading and diffusion properties. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the structural integrity, thermal stability, and successful drug incorporation within the hybrid scaffolds. Antimicrobial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated excellent bactericidal effects, with superior inhibition observed in 3D mats due to their higher drug loading capacity and faster drug release related to the expanded structure. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of combining electrospinning, gas expansion, and nanocarriers to engineer advanced, drug-loaded fibrous scaffolds for wound healing.