Breaking tolerance: an update of Treg dysfunction in autoimmunity

Abstract

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune tolerance, and their dysfunction is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have identified key transcriptional, metabolic, and environmental drivers of Treg instability and loss of function. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring immune homeostasis in autoimmunity.