Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia dalam Ancaman

Abstract

Geographical position of Indonesia that lies between Asia and Australia continents and between Indian and Pacific Oceans has both advantages and disadvantages. Mon-soon climate offers opportunity for food crop intensification. The geographical position also protects Indonesia from heavy and continuous destruction of agriculture caused by cyclone or typhoon. However, high rainfall hitting the soil surface susceptible to erosion on sloping topography cause serious erosion and sedimentation of rivers and reservoirs. The negative impacts of extreme weather due to the global climate change are aggravated by serious degradation of the watershed. Uncontrollable growth of the population and conversion of productive agricultural land lead to expanded degradation of watersheds and shrinkage of agricultural lands causing imbalanced proportion of supply and demand for food. It is estimated, that the dependence of Indonesia on imported rice will be lasting until 2025. Volume of imported rice will be the lowest when high rate of production increase scenario is implemented, though this approach requires a high budget. National Rice Production Enhancement Program (P2BN) is launched to increase rice production. ICM (Integrated Crop Management) technology is implemented in P2BN and has pushed rice production up to self-sufficiency level in 2009. SRI (System of Rice Intensification) technology is also offered, but its adoption is limited because of inadequate supply of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides as well. Supply chains of raw materials of organic fertilizers and bio pesticides are neglected by SRI promoting parties. All parties need to follow eco-anthropological approach in order to compromise agricultural intensification programs with environmental protection. Because of limited areas of irrigated land, ICM technology with some modifications has to be expanded to rainfed, swampy and tidal swamp and dry land areas. Holistic and comprehensive strategy should be explored to convert conditions from the vicious circle to the virtuous one for food crop production in the coming years.