Platelet Membrane-Camouflaged Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Targeted Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract

This review summarizes the application of platelet membrane-coated biomimetic drug delivery systems in the treatment of various ischemia-reperfusion injuries (I/RI). Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, microbubbles, microemulsions, as well as platelet membrane vesicles and their derivatives have shown significant promise for I/RI treatment. By leveraging the specific targeting, adhesive, and immune evasion properties of platelets, these systems enable the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, thrombolytics, and neuroprotective compounds, to ischemic tissues, while also offering diagnostic capabilities. However, challenges remain in bridging the gap between research and clinical application, such as scalability, maintaining bioactivity, and potential side effects. Future research should focus on improving scalability, stability, and safety. Furthermore, the context-specific selection or integration of delivery strategies is essential to meet the therapeutic demands of I/RI.