Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Hangzhou Community-Dwelling Mothers During the First 6 Months Postpartum: A Life Course Exploration of Influences

Abstract

Background: Breastfeeding is viewed as a process that spans the female life cycle, and self-efficacy is an important intervening variable that influences the extent of breastfeeding. This self-efficacy is built up over time through multiple sources of support and nurturing and can be influenced by a variety of factors. However, current research has not yet reached conclusive results, and few studies have applied Life Course Theory to breastfeeding self-efficacy. Objective: To investigate the status of breastfeeding self-efficacy and its influencing factors among mothers 0–6 months postpartum in Hangzhou from the perspective of Life Course Theory, and propose targeted recommendations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 338 mothers within 0–6 months postpartum from six communities in Hangzhou between May and August 2023. Participants were selected using convenience sampling and surveyed with a general information questionnaire, a breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The study revealed that the overall breastfeeding self-efficacy score within six months postpartum was moderate, with a mean of 111.32 ± 21.68. Self-efficacy was correlated with the main feeding methods used during 0–6 months (β = −0.127, p = 0.010) and breastfeeding knowledge (β = −0.430, p < 0.001). In addition, this study innovatively identified a counterintuitive knowledge-efficacy relationship, and explored its potential link to impostor syndrome among postpartum mothers. Conclusion: This study identified feeding method and breastfeeding knowledge as key factors affecting self-efficacy among mothers 0–6 months postpartum in Hangzhou. A counterintuitive knowledge-efficacy relationship was observed—a novel finding that warrants further investigation through the lens of Life Course Theory. The study also underscores the need for tailored interventions to enhance self-efficacy.