Geopolitical Conflicts and The Resilience of Maritime Logistics: A Critical Synthesis

Abstract

This systematic literature review investigates the impact of global geopolitical conflicts on the maritime logistics sector, with a particular focus on disruptions affecting trade flows, port operations, and supply chain resilience. Covering peer-reviewed research published between 2015 and 2024, a total of 44 studies were systematically selected and analysed using PRISMA methodology. The review identifies key conflict events—including the Russia–Ukraine war, Red Sea crisis, and East Asian rivalries—as primary disruptors of global maritime logistics systems. The findings reveal that these conflicts have led to increased freight costs, vessel rerouting, container shortages, and significant port delays, posing threats to just-in-time delivery systems and trade competitiveness. Additionally, the literature highlights how these disruptions disproportionately affect export-dependent sectors, especially in emerging economies. The review further categorises strategic response mechanisms, such as digital tracking, port diversification, and maritime collaboration frameworks, that enhance logistics resilience. The study emphasises the growing importance of proactive geopolitical risk assessment and adaptive maritime strategies in ensuring trade continuity amidst global instability. This review contributes to the evolving discourse on conflict-sensitive logistics planning and provides a conceptual basis for future empirical studies on logistics risk mitigation.