High-risk patients and postoperative complications following video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy: A case-matched comparison with lower-risk counterparts

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the postoperative incidence of major complications in high-risk patients following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer compared with their lower risk counterparts. Methods: A retrospective analysis on prospectively collected data of 348 consecutive patients subjected to VATS lobectomy (August 2012-September 2014) was performed. Patients were defined as high risk if one or more of the following characteristics were present: age >75 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) <50%, carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) <50%, history of coronary artery disease (CAD). Severity of complications was graded using the Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality (TM and M) score; major complications were defined if the TM and M score was greater than 2. The propensity score was used to match high-risk patients with their lower risk counterparts in order to minimize the influence of other confounders on outcome. The following variables were used to construct the propensity score: gender, side of operation, body mass index, American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, number of functioning segments resected. Results: The high-risk group consisted of 141 patients (age >75 years: 84 patients; FEV1 <50: 14 patients; DLCO <50: 25 patients; history of CAD: 37 patients). The propensity score yielded two groups of 135 patients (high-risk vs low-risk) well matched for several baseline characteristics except for a lower performance status in the higher-risk group. Compared with their low-risk counterparts, high-risk patients had a higher incidence of cardiopulmonary complications (28 cases, 21% vs 14 cases, 10%; P < 0.0001) and major cardiopulmonary complications (12 cases, 9% vs 3 cases, 2%; P < 0.0001). Postoperative stay was 3 days longer in high-risk patients (8.6 vs 5.5 days, P = 0.0031). The 30-day or in-hospital mortality rates were not different between the two groups (2 cases, 1.5% vs 3 cases, 2.2%, P = 0.93). Conclusions: The incidence of major complications after VATS lobectomy in high-risk patients is low, but not negligible. This information can be used when discussing surgical risk with the patient during preoperative counselling.