Development of a Pedestrian Capacity Using a Movement Simulation Model in Malioboro, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

The pedestrian lane has various constraints emphasising the accommodation of daily traffic, especially in the sidewalk area. This leads to the consideration of capacity, which is a measure of the highest volume being accommodated while maintaining pleasant pedestrian conditions. Regarding this consideration, almost all previous reports have reportedly used global capacity criteria, including HCM (2010), although variable pedestrian area conditions often caused varying standard capacities. This shows that local pedestrian movement features commonly cause more capacity than the global size. Therefore, this study aims to develop basic local-characteristic pedestrian capacity, using simulation models. This employed social force theory with model simulation and PTV Viswalk as a supporting system. In Viswalk, the pedestrian behaviour coefficient described the patterns by which walkers reacted to people and their surroundings. The sidewalk in Malioboro Tourism Area was also highly and comprehensively emphasised, due to being a business and attraction district in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Based on the results, pedestrian behaviour needs to be supplied depending on the site activity. This was obtained from the walking behaviour variable on Viswalk, which had been changed from its default value. According to Indonesian regulations, PBC (pedestrian basic capacity) was achieved using conventional sidewalks, with 65 pedestrians/min/m observed for the infrastructure in Malioboro Tourism Area. Additionally, the formulation for the connection between density, flow, and speed was appropriately defined. These modified results are expected to consider and contribute to the calibration method, as well as its existence and field appropriateness.