Leukocyte and IgM Responses to Immunization with the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 Recombinant Protein in the Wistar Rat

Abstract

The malaria vaccine is an important strategy for the global malaria elimination program, but the complexity of the Plasmodium antigen is a major hurdle in malaria vaccine development. The cysteine-rich interdomain region 1α (CIDR1α) of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is crucial in malaria pathogenesis, making it a vaccine candidate. This study investigated the leukocyte and IgM response generated after administering a CIDR1α-PfEMP1 recombinant protein injection in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a control group, who received a physiological saline solution (PSS), and a treatment group, who were subcutaneously injected with 150 µg of purified CIDR1α-PfEMP1 protein three times at the 3-week interval. Blood samples were collected every week after each injection. The number of leukocytes were counted using a Neubauer chamber, and the IgM concentration was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using an independent, paired-T test, a Mann–Whitney test, and a Wilcoxon test, based on the distribution of the data. The total number of leukocytes notably increased on day 29 (p < 0.05). The percentage of neutrophils decreased, especially on day 8 (p < 0.05), whereas the percentages of monocytes and lymphocytes increased, primarily on day 14 (p < 0.05). The IgM concentration increased on day 14 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the CIDR1α-PfEMP1 recombinant protein may induce leukocyte and IgM responses, making it a potential malaria vaccine candidate.