Photodegradation of Atorvastatin under Light Conditions Relevant to Natural Waters and Photoproducts Toxicity Assessment

Abstract

Atorvastatin, widely prescribed hypolipidemic drug, undergoes rapid, probably self-sensitised, degradation (less than 20% left after 25-minute irradiation) if irradiated by wavelengths 300 - 350 nm in aqueous solution. When ferric ions are added to the reaction mixture, the degradation follows first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.130 min−1. Photochemical degradation may thus represent a significant way of environmental transformation of this pharmaceutical. Toxicity testing of atorvastatin and atorvastatin photoproducts performed on the water plant Lemna minor revealed that atorvastatin itself exhibited no observable toxic effect measured as leaf area growth inhibition, while the photoproducts showed a significant toxicity to the plant, which shows the extreme importance of investigating not only toxicity of drugs themselves on aquatic organisms but also effects of their transformation products.