Integrative technologies in nursing-led interventions for diabetes management: a systematic review of efficacy and outcomes

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of integrative technologies employed in nursing-led interventions for the management of diabetes. Background: With the global rise in diabetes prevalence, there is growing interest in digital health solutions to improve disease self-management. Nurses are increasingly leveraging technologies, such as mobile applications, wearable devices, and telehealth platforms, to support individuals with diabetes. However, the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of such nursing-led digital interventions remain variably reported in the literature. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Comprehensive five database searches (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2013 to 2024. Studies were included if they involved nurse-led interventions incorporating digital technologies for diabetes management. Data were synthesized using narrative and thematic analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Results: Thirteen RCTs involving diverse technologies demonstrated improvements in glycemic control (HbA1c reduction), self-management behaviors, and quality of life. Interventions incorporating personalized coaching, regular follow-up, and patient-centered feedback were particularly effective. Most studies were rated as low risk of bias, though some showed concerns regarding reporting practices and intervention fidelity. Conclusion: Nursing-led digital health interventions can significantly enhance diabetes care outcomes. Their success is contingent upon sustained patient engagement, nurse training, and organizational support. Broader implementation requires addressing digital literacy and system-level integration challenges. Implications for practice: Nurse-led technologies should be embedded in care models to support scalable, personalized, and effective diabetes self-management across diverse settings. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.