Impact of Fermented Organic Manure (FOM) on Soil Health and Microbial Diversity in Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Organic amendments are being increasingly applied to agricultural soils as alternatives or complements to inorganic fertilizers. Fermented Organic Manure (FOM) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fertilizers, significantly influencing soil health and microbial diversity. FOM amendments can increase the content of organic matter, which directly promotes the amount of organic carbon in soil, concomitantly improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The effect of the application of commercial or farm-made FOM amendments on crop yield and nutritional status, as well as on soil physicochemical and microbial properties as indicators of soil quality. Additionally, it supports plant growth by facilitating nutrient cycling and suppressing soil-borne pathogens. The integration of FOM into sustainable agricultural systems aligns with eco-friendly practices, reducing chemical input dependency while maintaining productivity. However, the effectiveness of FOM depends on fermentation processes, raw materials, and environmental conditions. However, the effectiveness of FOM depends on fermentation processes, raw materials, and environmental conditions. Future research should focus on optimizing production techniques and assessing long-term impacts on different soil types and cropping systems. Overall, the strategic application of FOM at the optimal dose (according to the NPK requirements of the crop) can be a beneficial agronomic practice for agricultural soil quality, posing a suitable alternative to mineral fertilization.