A study on the challenges and solutions for a Just net zero transition in the shipping industry–Focusing on human factors

Abstract

This study addresses the urgent transition of the international shipping industry toward net-zero GHG emissions, a goal set by IMO. This paper analyzes the necessity of Just Transition for seafarers, who are the core for completing this change. The research analyzes existing international conventions, such as the STCW and MARPOL, etc. along with national policies in the Republic of Korea to identify institutional and regulatory gaps. It proposes practical and institutional measures to address these deficiencies. Key findings suggest that a comprehensive revision of the STCW Convention is necessary to accommodate the diversity of alternative fuels, and that continuous cooperation between the IMO and ILO is essential for seafarers’ professional development. Ultimately, the paper concludes by emphasizing that a successful and fair net-zero transition hinges not only on technological innovation and regulatory frameworks but, more critically, on the strategic Just Transition of seafarers.