Risk factors and clinical evaluation of haemorrhoids in a rural medical college

Abstract

Background: The study was conducted to analyse the age incidence, sex incidence, role of occupation, socioeconomic status, diet and type of toilet in haemorrhoids along with its clinical presentation and evaluation. Methods: This study was conducted in our hospital in the department of General Surgery, from October 2018 to September 2020, among 100 patients who presented with haemorrhoids. The risk factors and clinical evaluation was done and the results were correlated with various other studies. Results: The most common age group affected are middle aged between 41-60 years and the Mean age of the patient was 43 years in our study. Males (70%) are commonly affected. Moderate workers 55% with low socioeconomic status (66%) are prevalent. Majority of the people (88%) consumes Non vegetarian diet. Indian toilet was used by 78% of people. Bleeding per rectum in 75 patients, mass descending during defecation in 65 patients, Pain during defecation in 51 patients and altered bowel habits in 53 patients (constipation in 51 patients and diarrhea in 2 patients) and pruritus in 2 patients. Grade 2 haemorrhoids (53%) was the common clinical presentation. 18 patients had associated fissure in ano and 4 patients with polyp. Haemorrhoidectomy was done in 93 patients. Injection sclerotherapy was given for 7 patients. Among them, Haemorrhoidectomy and injection sclerotherapy was given to 15 patients. Conclusion: Patients with haemorrhoids needs to adopt a healthy life style and modifications at their diet, occupation, bowel habits are needed along with some exercises, rather than being sedantary.