KRAS G12C-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma: First Documented Report in the Arabian Gulf

Abstract

We report the first documented case series of two lung adenocarcinoma patients demonstrating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) G12C mutations by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques from Saudi Arabia. Both patients were males aged 64 and 76 years. The first had a heavy smoking history, while the second did not report any history of smoking. The tumor subtype was identified to be non-mucinous lung adenocarcinoma in both cases. The younger patient presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and a right-sided lung mass lesion, while the older patient exhibited stage III-A left lung adenocarcinoma that required rapid response. An initial examination of the first case showed a right-sided mediastinal shift, bilateral neck lymphadenopathy, and poorly differentiated neoplasm from a right supraclavicular core biopsy, leading to treatment with palliatives along with regular checkups. The second case was afebrile after being confirmed to be vitally stable and laboratory testing (Neutr 100). Further studies, specifically on large numbers of patients from the Arabian Gulf, are needed to confirm significant differences between the national and international populations. Additionally, future studies should investigate more differences in the differentiation of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma between patients from the Arabian Gulf and others.