Investigate the Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Cladophora glomerata

Abstract

Background: Macroalgae have a wide range of natural compounds which have natural antioxidants. Method: In this study, four concentrations of the methanolic extract of the Chlorophyta-related macroalgae-isolate Cladophora glomerata were tested (concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) in vitro to evaluate their effect on the growth inhibition of pathogenic fungal isolate (Candida albicans) and pathogenic bacterial isolates (Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis). Result: Methanolic extracts had an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans and all bacterial isolates tested. Microbiological fungal and pathogenic bacterial isolates are inhibited by a diameter of the inhibition zone (in millimeters). The maximum biological inhibitory action was observed at dosages of 100 mg/ml. Micrococcus spp. exhibited the highest susceptibility to the treatment. While the smallest diameter of inhibition zones was observed at a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml against microorganisms, the observed diameters ranged between 0 mm (Proteus mirabilis) and 7 mm (Micrococcus spp). Alkaloids, tannins, flavones, resins, saponins, terpenes, and steroids were among the active chemicals found in the methanol extract of Cladophora glomerata. To tentatively identify the compounds responsible for these activities, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC–MS was used to chemically characterise the methanol extract. There were six main components in the extract: tridecyne, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, octadecadien-1-ol, and tetradecenal. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of C. glomerata showed significant antimicrobial activity, which implies that it might be useful as a source of bioactive compounds and could be potentially used as an antimicrobial agent.