Finding the best shading device model to enhance visual comfort in an educational building

Abstract

This study proposes a model of shading device for a educational building to enhance the visual comfort while utilizing the daylighting maximally to reduce the energy usage for lighting. The study evaluates the existing daylighting in the study object, and found that the daylighting lux is overexposed which exceeding Standar National of Indonesia (Standar Nasional Indonesia/ SNI) for the daylighting in classroom. Then the study continued with modelling shading device designs in Sketchup then eveluate the effectiveness of shading device through the daylighting using Velux Daylight Visualizer. Additionally, the designs also being assessed through Edge Building App to find the best energy efficiency. The study compares existing conditions with redesigned façade conditions incorporating three types of shading devices-horizontal, vertical, and eggcrate. Simulation results indicate that the intensity of daylight in most rooms exceeds the visual comfort standards set by SNI 03-6575-2001, particularly at 09:00 and 12:00, which can cause glare and overheating. The implementation of shading devices significantly reduced incoming light intensity. The horizontal shading type provided the best daylight distribution, with 64.29% of measurement points falling within the standard illuminance range. Meanwhile, the eggcrate type showed the highest energy efficiency, increasing energy savings by 15% and reducing utility costs by up to 125.5%. However, in terms of implementation cost, the horizontal shading device was the most economical option, with a total estimated cost of Rp465,487,369.02. Considering lighting performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, the horizontal shading design is deemed the most optimal for application. This study recommends further development of adaptive shading designs and an integrated analysis of natural and artificial lighting systems to achieve more comprehensive energy and visual comfort outcomes.