Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk associated with urinary excretion of 8-oxoGuo, a biomarker for RNA oxidation, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular mortality risk remains high among patients with type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress indicated by high urinary excretion of the biomarker for RNA oxidation, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), is associated with an increased risk of death in newly diagnosed and treated patients. We assessed whether 8-oxoGuo is associated with specific cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk. Research Design and Methods: Urinary biomarkers for nucleic acid oxidation were measured in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥60 years (n = 1,863), along with biochemical measurements, questionnaire findings, and Central Person Registry information to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for log2-transformed RNA oxidation using Cox regression. Results: During the 5-year follow-up, 173 of 1,863 patients had died (9.3%), including 73 patients who died of cardiovascular disease (42.2%). Doubling of RNA oxidation was associated with an HR of all-cause mortality of 2.10 (95%CI 1.63-2.71; P < 0.001) and an HR of cardiovascular death of 1.82 (95% CI 1.20-2.77; P = 0.005) after multiple adjustments. The 5-year absolute risks (ARs) of all-cause mortality (AR 13.9 [95% CI 10.8-17.0] vs. AR 6.10 [95%CI 4.00-8.30]) and cardiovascular mortality (AR 5.49 [95% CI 3.44-7.55] vs. AR 3.16 [95% CI 1.59-4.73]) were approximately two times higher in the highest quartile of RNA oxidation than in the lowest quartile. Conclusions: We conclude that high RNA oxidation is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Targeting oxidative stress via interventions with long-term follow-up may reveal the predictive potential of the biomarker 8-oxoGuo.