The Correlation between Nutrition and Transport Mechanism under Abiotic Stress in Plants: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism, development, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in plants. It has, however, hardly ever been studied how these transporter proteins, such as aquaporin which is responsible for food and water intake in cell plasma mem-branes, interact with one another. This review aims to explore the interactions between nutrient transporters and aquaporins during water and nutrient uptake. It also investigates how symbiotic relationships influence the plant genome’s responses to regulatory processes such as photoperiodism, senescence, and nitrogen fixation. These responses are observed in reaction to various abiotic stresses. For instance, plasma membrane transporters are upregulated during macronutrient insufficiency, tonoplast transporters are overexpressed, and aquaporins are downregulated in micronutrient deficiency. Additionally, tolerant plants often exhibit increased expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in response to drought, salt, and cold temperatures. To better comprehend plant stress tolerance to abiotic challenges including starvation, K famine, salt, and freezing temperatures, both classes of nutrient and water transporters should be considered at the same time.