Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde level in green mussel (Perna viridis L.) at Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Abstract

Jakarta Bay water has endured severe pollution load, and the water is being severely polluted; however, green mussels (Perna viridis) can survive. This study aimed to evaluate whether green mussels at Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay have endured oxidative stress by measuring enzyme activities, including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The control population was green mussels obtained from Panimbang, Pandeglang, Banten. The measurement of SOD, catalase, GPx, enzymes, and MDA level was performed using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney test, Spearman Rank correlation test, and followed with the Z-Fisher test. Results of the study showed that: (1) No significant different activity of SOD enzyme in green mussels of both area; (2) there was the significantly higher activity of catalase enzyme in green mussels of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay compared to those of Panimbang, Banten area; (3)there was a significantly lower activity of GPx enzyme in green mussels of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay; (4) the MDA level was significantly higher in green mussels of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay; (5) the correlation coefficient for enzyme activities of SOD, catalase, GPx, and MDA level was not significant in green mussels in Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay and Panimbang, Banten. The high MDA level and low SOD and GPxactivities indicate that the green mussel of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay have experienced oxidative stress. MDA level and GPx enzyme activity can be used as biomarkers for oxidative stress in green mussels of Muara Angke, Jakarta Bay.