Conceptual overlap of negative thought processes in insomnia: A focus on catastrophizing, worry, and rumination in a student sample

Abstract

Objectives: The association and overlap between different forms of negative thought processes in insomnia is largely unknown. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine conceptual overlap between three insomnia-specific negative thought processes; catastrophizing, worry, and rumination, identify the underlying factors, and explore their associations with insomnia symptoms. Methods: A total of 360 students completed three insomnia-related negative thought process scales (Catastrophic Thoughts about Insomnia Scale, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire, Daytime Insomnia Symptom Response Scale) and two insomnia symptoms measures (the Insomnia Severity Index and Sleep Condition Indicator). Results: The three scales and their subscales displayed acceptable reliabilities. Further, confirmatory factor analysis was supportive of the notion of catastrophizing, worry, and rumination measures as distinct. The catastrophizing and worry constructs were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms, but the rumination factor was not. Conclusions: The findings indicate that catastrophizing, worry, and rumination might be viewed as distinct constructs. Although more research is warranted on the topic of conceptual overlap, the current results might have implications for the development of models of insomnia, clinical research, and practice.