Achieving Optimum Compressive Strength for Geopolymers Manufactured at Both Low and High Si:Al Values

Abstract

Numerous researchers have successfully made alkali-activated material or geopolymer using fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or metakaolin, either individually or in combination. However, few researchers first determined the reactive Si:Al of their solid precursor and then used this information to develop a formulation with a specific targeted Si:Al for their alkali-activated material. Even if a targeted Si:Al is chosen, few researchers check if the actual Si:Al of the geopolymer matches the targeted values. Characterisation of the precursor, setting target Si:Al values for the geopolymer and verifying target Si:Al values are present in the geopolymer are all part of quality control and essential if high quality products are to be manufactured. Quality control is critical but does not provide the target Si:Al value. This work presents results from a range of geopolymers made with different Si:Al values using sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, either by themselves or in combination. Results reveal, surprisingly, for samples tested, that compressive strength exhibits a maximum for samples with Si:Al less than and greater than the starting Si:Al of the precursor. A strength minimum was found to be present close to the starting Si:Al of the precursor and between the strength maxima. This new information extends the usability range of aluminosilicate precursors and at the same time, makes available a broader range of applications based on Si:Al. Selection of an optimum Si:Al for a geopolymer based on strength can only be made when first a complete spectrum of Si:Al ratios have been evaluated.