Evaluation of Improvement in Skin Laxity and Oiliness After Monopolar Radiofrequency Treatment: A Pilot Study Utilizing Multiple Assessment Tools

Abstract

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) therapy is a popular noninvasive skin-tightening method, yet objective evaluations of its effectiveness remain limited. Aims: This study assesses RF therapy's impact on facial skin laxity and oiliness using a 3D skin analyzer, multi-parameter skin analysis, and histological analysis. Methods: Thirty-two patients (skin types III–V) underwent full-face monopolar RF treatment, with follow-ups over 24 weeks. Clinical photographs, 3D imaging, and specialized probes measured elasticity and sebum levels. Skin biopsies were taken before and 2 months post-treatment. Improvement was assessed through patient questionnaires and dermatologist evaluations. Results: Significant improvements in jawline sagging and nasolabial folds were observed in 2D/3D images. Quantitative analysis confirmed RF-induced skin rejuvenation, with a statistically significant increase in skin radiance at 4 and 8 weeks. Sebum production decreased notably at 8 and 24 weeks, as confirmed by the sebum index. Elasticity improved, with increased viscoelasticity and reduced retraction time. Histological analysis revealed reduced dermal inflammation, decreased sebaceous gland volume, and enhanced collagen and elastic fiber density. At 2 months, 53.1% of patients reported over 50% improvement. No severe adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Monopolar RF effectively enhances skin laxity by remodeling collagen and reorganizing elastic fibers. Histological findings and skin analyzer data support RF as a reliable, noninvasive treatment for improving skin firmness and reducing oiliness.