Dietary shift of a pimelodid catfish in response to the flood pulse in the Xingu River

Abstract

We assessed the effect of a flood pulse on the diet composition, trophic niche breadth, and feeding intensity of the mandi catfish Pimelodus blochii (Pimelodidae) in the middle Xingu River region, throughout different hydrological periods. Specimens were collected monthly between December 2020 and November 2021, using gillnets. Specimens were measured for standard length (cm) and body weight (g) and then eviscerated to remove the stomach, which was weighed and stored for content identification. In total, we analyzed 93 stomachs of P. blochii, with the species' diet predominantly composed of fish (86.5%) and terrestrial plants (6.9%). However, this dietary composition varied seasonally, particularly during the flood period when the species exhibited an omnivorous/carnivorous diet, as opposed to other periods when it had a carnivorous/piscivorous diet. Trophic niche breadth also varied, with the species showing a more specialist diet during the filling period. Finally, there was no difference in the amount of food (g) ingested during the hydrological periods. These results highlight the influence of the flood pulse on the feeding ecology of P. blochii, particularly regarding the diet composition. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of the relationship between abiotic dynamics and the life history of Amazonian fish species.