Angle Closure Imaging: A Review

Abstract

Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major form of glaucoma. Early detection and proper management of PACG to reduce visual loss are intricately related to correctly assessing the anterior chamber angle (ACA). This review describes clinical assessment of the ACA by gonioscopy, as well as novel ACA imaging devices and discusses their advantages and limitations. Specifically, we review ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and a method similar to goniophotography using the EyeCam™, all of which are used to assess the ACA directly. In addition, we discuss surrogate approaches to measuring angle configuration by Scheimpflug photography and the SPAC scanning peripheral anterior chamber depth analyzer.