Effects of Core Stability Training on Balance, Standing, and Gait in Children with Mild Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy (CP) often present with impaired postural control, poor balance, and gait abnormalities that negatively affect their functional mobility and independence. Core stability, which is the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk, is considered a critical component in maintaining postural alignment and improving gross motor function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a structured core stability exercise program on the standing ability, functional balance, and gait parameters of children diagnosed with diplegic spastic CP. Methods: Forty children (28 males, 12 females) aged 4–10 years with a clinical diagnosis of diplegic spastic cerebral palsy were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 20 each). The study group underwent a 12-week core stability exercise program in addition to a standardized physiotherapy regimen, which was conducted three times per week. The control group received the physiotherapy program alone. Functional outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Pediatric Balance Scale, and Kinovea software for gait analysis. Results: Both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all measured variables after the intervention. However, the study group showed significantly greater improvements in standing ability (9%), balance (9%), and gait parameters (p < 0.05), particularly in knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion, during gait cycles. Conclusions: Core stability training resulted in superior enhancements in balance, standing, and gait performance compared with physiotherapy alone in children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy.