Perceptions, Challenges and Barriers to HIV Care in Mbujimayi in the East Kasai Province, DR Congo: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: This study was carried out in East Kasai Province, DR Congo, to explore the perceptions, challenges, and barriers associated with HIV/AIDS care. The aim was to understand perceptions of HIV/AIDS, identify barriers, and analyze the factors influencing the effectiveness of care. Methodology: This study involved semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and focus group discussions with PLWHA. Results: Several contrasting perceptions of HIV/AIDS were revealed, ranging from disease stigma to some acceptance of antiretroviral treatments, although hesitation remains among the population due to cultural beliefs and misinformation. The main challenges identified include dietary problems, side effects, drop-outs, failure to keep appointments, superstition and uninformed travel of patients. Patients often have difficulty gaining access to healthcare facilities because of distance, transport costs, and a lack of financial means. In addition, drug shortages in health facilities exacerbate the situation. Sociocultural barriers also play a major role. Stigma and discrimination against PLWHA are still visible, and these negative attitudes can dissuade individuals from being tested, adhering or adhering to treatment. In addition, superstitions and myths about treatment fuel mistrust and hesitation toward treatment. Healthcare providers face difficulties in managing patients due to limited resources and a lack of ongoing training on new therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: This study highlights the many challenges that need to be overcome to improve HIV/AIDS care, particularly in terms of accessing care and combating stigma. To improve the effectiveness of health programs, an integrated multisectoral approach involving communities, health authorities and international partners is crucial. This will help overcome existing barriers and ensure equitable access to care while reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS.